videoinside.org | Natural Born Killers

The film opens with Mickey Knox (Woody Harrelson) and his wife Mallory (Juliette Lewis) in a roadside café. The pair are initially seen to be normal customers, with Mickey buying pie and Mallory dancing to rock 'n' roll on the jukebox. A group of rednecks arrive and one of them begins dancing and flirting with Mallory. She encourages him for a moment, and then, without provocation, attacks him by smashing his beer bottle as he drinks from it. A fistfight breaks out between the two, with Mallory beating the larger man beyond recognition. When the redneck's friend attempts to intervene, Mickey stabs him to death. Mickey and Mallory then proceed to massacre the café's patrons, culminating in a morbid game of Eeny-Meeny to decide who lives and who dies. After executing their final victim, the couple laugh at the sole survivor and make sure he remembers their names before they embrace and declare their undying love, as fireworks go off in the background.

After the title sequence, Mickey and Mallory are shown in a desert at nighttime. Mallory tells Mickey about her vision of him riding a red horse, and then she thinks back to when they first met. A flashback sequence shows Mickey as a deliveryman who delivered some beef to the house where Mallory lived with her physically, sexually and psychologically abusive father (Rodney Dangerfield), her mother, and Kevin (her younger brother). The scene is portrayed as a 1950s-type sitcom with a canned laughter track, the "audience" laughing hardest when Mallory is subjected to lewd comments and hints of molestation by her repulsive father. When Mickey arrives, he instantly falls in love with Mallory, and she with him, and he whisks her away on a date, stealing her father's car in the process. Mickey is arrested and imprisoned for grand theft auto, but he subsequently escapes during a tornado and returns to Mallory's house. The two kill her father by drowning him in the aquarium, and burn her mother alive in bed. They spare her ten-year-old brother, with Mallory telling him that he is free. They leave the house to the sound of rapturous applause from the 'audience'.

Mickey and Mallory then get 'married' on the side of a bridge, with Mickey cutting both of their hands, and letting their blood intermingle to signify their unbreakable union. They drive through a small town, and arrive at a motel for the night. Watching TV for a while, they then begin to have sex, but Mallory notices that something is distracting Mickey. It is revealed that there is a female hostage tied up in the corner of the room. Furious with Mickey, Mallory storms out. She drives to a nearby garage, where she begins to flirt with the mechanic (Balthazar Getty). They begin to have sex on the hood of a car, but he realizes who she is, and attempts to flee, prompting her to shoot him. Meanwhile, in the motel, Mickey rapes and murders the hostage.

The pair then continue their crime-spree (which bears several parallels to Bonnie and Clyde and the Starkweather-Fugate case), slaughtering their way across the southwestern United States and ultimately claiming fifty-two victims. Following them are two characters who see the murderers as a chance to acquire fame and glory for themselves. The first is a policeman, Detective Jack Scagnetti (Tom Sizemore), who seems particularly fascinated by Mallory. Scagnetti is already a well known personality, a published author, who's book Scagnetti on Scagnetti, is a best seller amongst law enforcement. Scagnetti has a lifelong obsession with serial killers after seeing his mother shot and killed by Charles Whitman when he was five, and hopes to achieve hero status by capturing the pair (preferably when there are television cameras around to capture the action). The second pursuer of the killers is journalist Wayne Gale (Robert Downey Jr.), who hosts a show called American Maniacs, profiling serial killers in a blatantly sensationalist way. Various clips of his program on Mickey and Mallory are shown, with Gale acting outraged on-screen as he details the pair's crimes, although off-air he clearly regards their crimes as a fantastic way of boosting his show's ratings. Indeed, it is Gale who is primarily responsible for elevating Mickey and Mallory to hero status, with his show featuring interviews with people around the world expressing their admiration for the mass killers as if they were film stars.

Meanwhile, Mickey and Mallory become lost in the desert and are taken in by a Navajo man (Russell Means), and his grandson. After the duo fall asleep, the Old Indian begins chanting beside the fire, invoking nightmares in Mickey about his abusive parents. Mickey wakes up in a rage and shoots the Indian before he realizes what he is doing. Mallory and Mickey are both traumatized, marking the first time the couple feel guilty for a murder. Mallory exclaims, "You killed life!", implying the Indian was more worthy of living than their previous victims. While fleeing from the scene through the desert, they stray into a field of rattlesnakes and are both bitten.

They drive to a drugstore to find snakebite antidote, but the pharmacist sets off the silent alarm, and the police arrive before Mickey and Mallory can escape. Mallory is captured immediately, and is subsequently beaten by the police. A gunfight breaks out between Mickey and the other police, until Scagnetti arrives. He tells Mickey that unless he surrenders, he'll cut Mallory's breasts off. Mickey agrees, and gives up his gun, but he then attacks Scagnetti with a knife. The police taser him, and the scene ends with Mickey being beaten by a group of policemen and women.

The film picks up one year later. The homicidal couple have been imprisoned, but are due to be shipped to a mental hospital after being declared insane. Scagnetti arrives at the prison and meets up with Warden Dwight McClusky (Tommy Lee Jones) and the two devise a plan to get rid of Mickey and Mallory: McClusky will arrange for Scagnetti to be the driver for the Knoxes' transfer. Alone with the pair during transport, Scagnetti will shoot and kill them, then claim that they tried to escape. Gale, also at the prison, persuades Mickey to agree to a live interview to air immediately after the Super Bowl, the night before he is to be shipped to the mental institute. At this time, Mallory is held in solitary confinement elsewhere in the prison, awaiting her transport to the mental hospital.

As planned, Mickey is interviewed by Gale. He gives a speech about how murder is a natural component of existence, describes enlightenment through murder and declares himself a "natural born killer." His words inspire the other inmates (who are watching the interview on TV in the D Wing recreation room) and incite them to riot.

Upon hearing of the riot outbreak, Warden McClusky orders the interview terminated over Gale's violent protests and heads to the control room, leaving Mickey alone with Gale, the film crew and several guards. Using a lengthy joke complete with hand gestures as a diversion, Mickey elbow-smashes a guard in the face and grabs his shotgun. Mickey kills all but two of the guards, whilst several of Gale's crew are also killed. Mickey then takes the survivors hostage, leading them through the prison riot to find Mallory. Gale follows, giving a live television report as people are being beaten and slaughtered all around him. Throughout the prison, the inmates subdue, torture, and/or murder prison guards and inmate informants.

Meanwhile, Scagnetti arrives in Mallory's cell and attempts to seduce her. Mallory rebukes his efforts, smashing his face against the wall and breaking his nose. The guards rush in, and they and Scagnetti begin to beat Mallory. Still live on national television, Mickey arrives at the cell and engages in a short Mexican Standoff with Scagnetti, eventually feigning concession to lower Scagnetti's guard. Mallory then approaches Scagnetti from behind and stabs him in the throat with a shank. Mickey then reveals that he is out of bullets, much to Scagnetti's horror, and Mallory picks up Scagnetti's loaded gun and shoots him in the head. They continue to escape through the riot-filled prison, with Gale's entire TV crew being killed by prison guards bent on killing Mickey and Mallory. At this point, Gale snaps, and begins to shoot at the guards, screaming "Let's kill all of these motherfuckers!"

After being rescued by a mysterious prisoner named Owen (Arliss Howard), Mickey, Mallory and Gale encounter Warden McClusky and a heavily armed posse of guards. They take cover in a blood-splattered shower room. As Mickey and Mallory discuss how much they love one another, Gale calls his wife and tells her he is leaving her. He then calls his mistress to tell her he will see her later, but she dumps him over the phone. Obsessed with killing Mickey and Mallory, McClusky threatens to storm the shower room, despite the protests of his guards who insist that there are more pressing problems to which they must attend, namely the hundreds of other rioting inmates heading their way. McClusky however is determined to destroy Mickey and Mallory at any cost.

Having devised a plan of escape, Mickey and Mallory, together with Owen, Gale and a final surviving hostage guard emerge from the shower, Gale's camera still capturing everything. Mickey tells McClusky that if he attempts anything, both Gale and the guard will be killed live on air. McClusky is thus powerless to stop the prisoners walking out the front door, smiling weakly at the camera as he realizes that he can do nothing. After Mickey and Mallory flee, McClusky and his guards are massacred by hordes of inmates who burst into the area, trapping McClusky and the guards against a locked gate. They proceed to tear McClusky apart, literally ripping his head off and displaying it on a spike (director's cut only).

After the escape, Owen is never seen or mentioned again. Mickey and Mallory have stolen a van and killed the final guard, dumping his body out of the van while being chased by police officers. Escaping to a rural location, they give a final interview to Wayne Gale before - much to his surprise and horror - they tell him he has to die. Gale attempts various arguments to convince them not to kill him, but they won't listen, and he resigns himself to his death. They then execute him by shooting him numerous times with shotguns, whilst leaving his camera filming the whole incident. They then walk away, leaving the body behind and the camera still filming.

As the closing credits roll, the couple are shown several years later in an RV, with Mickey driving and Mallory (who is pregnant) watching their two children play.

Cast

Production

Natural Born Killers was based upon a screenplay written by Quentin Tarantino in which a married couple suddenly decide to go on a killing spree. Tarantino had sold his script to producers Jane Hamsher and Don Murphy for $10,000 after he had tried, and failed, to direct it himself for $500,000.^[1] Hamsher and Murphy subsequently sold the screenplay to Warner Bros. Around the same time, Oliver Stone was made aware of the script. He had was keen to find something more straightforward than his previous production, Heaven & Earth; a difficult shoot which had left him exhausted, and he felt that Natural Born Killers could be what he was looking for. ".^[2]

Director Oliver Stone, associate producer Richard Rutowski, and writer David Veloz, rewrote the script, keeping much of the dialogue, but changing the focus of the film from journalist Wayne Gale (Robert Downey, Jr.) to Mickey and Mallory. Indeed, the script was changed so much that as per WGA rules, Tarantino was credited for the film's story only. In a 1993 interview, Tarantino stated that he no longer held any animosity towards Stone, and that he wished the film well; "It's not going to be my movie, it's going to be Oliver Stone's, and God bless him. I hope he does a good job with it. If I wasn't emotionally attached to it, I'm sure I would find it very interesting. If you like my stuff, you might not like this movie. But if you like his stuff, you're probably going to love it. It might be the best thing he's ever done, but not because of anything to do with me. [...] I actually can't wait to see it, to tell you the truth."^[3]

Initially, when producers Jane Hamsher and Don Murphy had first brought the script to Stone's attention, he had seen it as an action movie; "something Arnold Schwarzenegger would be proud of."^[4] As the project developed however, incidents such as the O.J. Simpson case, the Menendez brothers case, the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan incident, the Rodney King incident and the Branch Davidian attack all took place. Stone came to feel that the media was heavily involved in the outcome of all of these cases, and that the media had become an all-pervasive entity which marketed violence and suffering for the good of ratings. As such, he changed the tone of the movie from one of simple action to a satiric critique of the media in general. ^[5]

During preproduction, to prepare for the role of Wayne Gale, Robert Downey Jr. spent time with Australian TV shock-king Steve Dunleavy. Also during preproduction, Stone tried to convince actress Juliette Lewis to bulk up for the role of Mallory so that she looked tougher, but she refused, saying she wanted the character to look like a pushover, not like a female bodybuilder.^[6]

The entire film took only 56 days to shoot, but the editing process went on for 11 months, with the final film containing almost 3,000 cuts (most films have 600-700).^[7]

Filming locations included the Rio Grande Gorge Bridge just west of Taos, New Mexico, where the wedding scene was filmed, and Stateville Correctional Center in Joliet, Illinois, where the prison riot was filmed. In Stateville, 80% of the prisoners were there for violent crimes. For the first two weeks on location at the prison, the extras were actual inmates with rubber weapons. For the subsequent two weeks, 200 extras were needed because the Stateville inmates were on lockdown. According to Tom Sizemore, during filming on the prison set, Stone would play African tribal music at full blast between takes to keep the frantic energy up.^[8] Whilst shooting the POV scene where Mallory runs into the wire mesh, director of photography Robert Richardson broke his finger, and the replacement cameraman cut his eye. According to Oliver Stone, he wasn’t too popular with the camera department on set that day. ^[9] For the scenes involving rear projection, the projected footage was shot prior to principal photography, then edited together, and projected onto the stage, behind the live actors. For example, when Mallory drives past a building and flames are projected onto the wall, this was shot live using footage projected onto the facade of a real building. ^[10]

The famous Coca-Cola polar bear ad is seen twice during the movie. According to Stone, Coca-Cola approved the use of the ad without having a full idea of what the movie was about. When they saw the completed film, they were furious. ^[11]

The soundtrack for the film was produced by Stone and Trent Reznor, who reportedly watched the film over 50 times to "get in the mood".^[12] When putting together the music for the film, Stone and Reznor both wanted to get Snoop Dogg involved, but Warner wouldn't allow it, as Snoop was on trial for murder at the time. ^[13]

Style

Natural Born Killers is shot and edited in a frenzied and psychedelic style consisting of black and white, animation, and other unusual color schemes, and employing a wide range of camera angles, filters, lenses and special effects. Much of the movie is told via parodies of television shows, including a scene presented in the style of a sitcom about a dysfunctional family. Commercials which were commonly on the air at the time of the film's release make brief, intermittent appearances. In his DVD Director's commentary, Oliver Stone goes into great detail about the look of the film, explaining scene by scene why a particular look was chosen for a particular scene. A selection of quotations from that commentary can be found at the IMDb FAQ for the film, located here.

Stone considered Natural Born Killers his road film, specifically naming Bonnie and Clyde as a source of inspiration.^[14] The famous death scene in Bonnie and Clyde used innovative editing techniques provided by multiple cameras shot from different angles at different speeds; this sporadic interchange between fast-paced and slow-motion editing that concludes Arthur Penn's film is used throughout the entirety of Natural Born Killers.^[15]

Furthermore, both films fall under the road movie genre through their constant challenges of the society in which the characters live. While Bonnie and Clyde attempt to disintegrate the weakened economic and social landscape of the 1930s, Mickey and Mallory try to free America from the overarching conventions which influence the common masses, primarily the media. However, whilst Bonnie and Clyde concludes with a pessimistic outlook regarding individual freedom within the American sphere of influence, Oliver Stone sees Natural Born Killers as having an optimistic finale. In Bonnie and Clyde, the police's ambush of the couple exhibits the empirical control of law enforcement over the individual. Natural Born Killers however, ends with the couple symbolically destroying the mass media, as represented by Wayne Gale (Robert Downey Jr.), and successfully fleeing together to live a relatively normal life. As Stone himself says, "In its own way, Natural Born Killers is ultimately a very optimistic film about the future. It's about freedom, and the ability of every human being to get it."^[16]

Recurring images

Television frequently appears in the film, including real television sets and television images that play on the sky, windows, or the sides of passing buildings. Furthermore, the story is often told via TV programmes, and the characters think about their own stories through the filter of TV. One example is Mallory's flashback to her first meeting with Mickey, which is presented as an episode of a sitcom called I Love Mallory (obviously a spoof of the real sitcom I Love Lucy), in which Mallory's abusive home life is played out to the canned laughter and "aw shucks" attitude of 1950s sitcoms. Much of the pair's violence is only shown as replayed or recreated on television. During the prison interview, Mickey is shown talking on a little television in an idealized 1950s Leave it to Beaver-type living room, and on the prison television in the canteen. The last scene of the film flicks away from Mickey and Mallory as if the viewer has begun to flip channels. It flicks through a variety of images including the O.J. Simpson trial, the Menendez brothers trial, and the burning Branch Davidian compound. Intermittent breaks from the film show popular commercials from the 1990s, thus making a direct relation between the diegetic (fictional) audience and the cinematic audience. By challenging the mass media throughout the film, Mickey and Mallory represent the idolized products of a society of spectacle; by including glimpses of real life angry and violent celebrities, Stone concludes the film as a modern satire on the mass media's exploitation of violence. As Mickey and Mallory literally walk out of the media's frame at the end of the film, it suggests that only a teleological advanced being can transcend the created establishments that influence common Americans.

The story of Frankenstein is referenced twice. Firstly, when Warden McClusky is explaining to Jack Scagnetti that they plan to have Mickey and Mallory undergo electroshock therapy, footage of Frankenstein is shown. Subsequently, explaining why he's going to shoot Wayne Gale, Mickey says "Frankenstein had to kill Dr. Frankenstein," implying that Gale is in some way responsible for Mickey's creation.

Snakes reappear throughout the film. One of the first images in the film is of a rattlesnake. The couple later exchange wedding rings of intertwined snakes, and Mickey has a tattoo of two snakes forming a heart on his chest. When Mickey is attempting to escape from prison during the tornado, it is a snake which aids him, by snapping at the horse pursuing him, thus allowing him to make a clean getaway. When Mallory and Mickey cut themselves on the bridge to show their love for one another, their blood becomes animated and changes into a red and green snake, entwined and hissing. There are also recurring shots of a seven headed dragon, like the one depicted in the Book of Revelation. In the couple's car, there is a toy snake. Mickey and Mallory first meet a real snake at the Navajo's: a rattlesnake is coiled in the corner, a scene which Mickey recalls with fondness and admiration in his prison interview. The Navajo tells a story in his native tongue about a woman who was shocked that a snake she'd rescued from freezing to death had bitten her, to which the snake replies, "Look bitch, you knew I was a snake." Mickey and Mallory are then bitten whilst walking through a field of rattlesnakes, which leads them to the drug store (above which can be seen a neon sign of the Caduceus of Mercury). According to Oliver Stone, snakes represent wisdom and knowledge in the film; on his DVD commentary, he refers to the snake as "a creature of knowledge," and he points out that every time Mickey encounters a snake directly, he learns something from it.^[17] This is in tandem with Buddhist beliefs (Oliver Stone converted to Buddhism after Vietnam), where snakes have always been seen as symbolic of wisdom and knowledge.

Mickey repeatedly uses nature and evolution to justify his killings, saying that "The wolf don't know why he's a wolf, the deer don't know why he's a deer. God just made 'em that way." He explains that he is the next step in human evolution, concluding that he's a "natural born killer". Shots of nature open the film and reoccur throughout (particularly wolves), both on television and in reality, often with a violent or disturbing undertones (a shot of an insect eating another insect is seen several times for example).

Yin and Yang, an ancient symbol of moral equivalence appear more than once. Mickey and Mallory have Yin and Yang tattoos on opposite arms. Mickey's tattoo is opposite and below another tattoo of the face of Christ. Mallory's tattoo is opposite and above a tattoo of a scorpion. Mickey's left earring is a Yin Yang. During Mickey's television interview he suggests that he and Mallory are "dark and light", compatible only with one another, as they function as a single force, intending to destroy the "demons" of mass media, corrupt law enforcement and the commonalty's obsession with violence.

A glowing lime green light is used throughout the film, symbolizing the sickness in Mickey's mind. It first appears in the film's opening sequence, as lights in the diner jukebox. Green is also present in the key lime pie Mickey orders. It appears again when Mallory kills a gas station attendant, and absorbs almost the entire screen during the drug store sequence. Lime green lights are last seen in the shower room in the prison, as Mickey and Mallory make their plans for a final escape.

The number 666 is also seen in certain areas of the film - for example Route 666 is featured in one of Wayne Gale's shows, and there is a brief glimpse in the first scene of a diner patron, who will later appear in the prison riot scene as Owen (Arliss Howard), holding a newspaper with the headline "666 Death".

Alternate versions

Oliver Stone's original cut of the film was refused an R rating by the MPAA, meaning it would have to be released either unrated (many theatres won't carry unrated films) or with an NC-17 rating. As such, Stone was forced to edit the film to ensure the MPAA gave it an R. In total, roughly 4 minutes of footage was cut from the film prior to release. In 2001 however, Stone released his preferred cut of the film on DVD and home video. Some of the newly restored footage includes:

NOTE: A common error made in relation to the Director's Cut of this film is that it contains the deleted scenes from the original DVD (such as the court room scene with Ashley Judd and Rachel Ticotin, the Denis Leary scene, the extended Steven Wright scene, and the alternative ending - all described below). However, the official Director's Cut contains only four minutes of reinstated footage, and none of the deleted scenes from the DVD have been restored to the film.

Deleted scenes

Box office and critical response

In its opening weekend, the film grossed a total of $11,166,687 in 1,510 theaters. As of January 12, 2007, the film has grossed a total of $50,282,766 domestically,^[18] compared to its $34 million budget.^[19] In the UK, it grossed £3,923,239 during its theatrical run.^[20]

The film had a mixed critical response. As of November 26, 2008, the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes records an average response of 52%, based on 29 reviews. However, Metacritic records a 74% positive response based on 20 reviews.

Roger Ebert, a film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie four stars out of four and wrote, "Seeing this movie once is not enough. The first time is for the visceral experience, the second time is for the meaning."^[21]

Other critics however, found the film unsuccessful in its aims. Hal Hinson of The Washington Post claimed that "Stone's sensibility is white-hot and personal. As much as he'd like us to believe that his camera is turned outward on the culture, it's vividly clear that he can't resist turning it inward on himself. This wouldn't be so troublesome if Stone didn't confuse the public and the private."^[22] Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "for all its surface passions, Natural Born Killers never digs deep enough to touch the madness of such events, or even to send them up in any surprising way. Mr. Stone's vision is impassioned, alarming, visually inventive, characteristically overpowering. But it's no match for the awful truth."^[23] James Berardinelli gave the film a negative review, but his dislike of the film was different than most of the unflattering reviews from other critics, who tended to focus on the film's decrying of violence and the media while sensationalizing both of those elements. Berardinelli said that the film "hit the bullseye" as a satire of America's lust for bloodshed, but repeated this argument so often and so loudly that it negated itself.

Controversies

Censorship

When the film was first handed in to the MPAA, they told Stone they would give it an NC-17 unless he cut it. As such, Stone toned down the violence by cutting approximately four minutes of footage, and the MPAA re-rated the film as an R. The original cut is now available on DVD.

Stone has continually maintained that the film is a satire on how serial killers are adored by the media for their horrific actions and that those who claim that the violence in the movie itself is a cause of societal violence miss the point of the movie.

'Copycat' crimes

From almost the moment of it's release, the film has been accused of encouraging and inspiring numerous murderers. For example:

Soundtrack

Tracks 10, 13, 18, 21, 23, 25 are assembled from various recordings and dialogue from the film.

References

^ Hamsher, Jane (1998). Killer Instinct. Broadway. pp. 48–51. ISBN 0767900758.
^ "Oliver Stone Interview with Charlie Rose". Retrieved on 25 November 2008.
^ Fuller, Graham (1998). "Graham Fuller/1993". in Peary, Gerald. Quentin Tarantino: Interviews. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 57–59. ISBN 1578060516.
^ "‘Chaos Rising: The Storm Around Natural Born Killers’ (DVD Featurette)".
^ "Oliver Stone Interview with Charlie Rose". Retrieved on 25 November 2008.
^ "Director’s Commentary (DVD Extra)".
^ "Director’s Commentary (DVD Extra)".
^ "‘Chaos Rising: The Storm Around Natural Born Killers’ (DVD Featurette)".
^ "Director’s Commentary (DVD Extra)".
^ "Director’s Commentary (DVD Extra)".
^ "Director’s Commentary (DVD Extra)".
^ "Director’s Commentary (DVD Extra)".
^ "Director’s Commentary (DVD Extra)".
^ Lavington, Stephen. Oliver Stone. London: Virgin Books, 2004.
^ Leong, Ian, Mike Sell, and Kelly Thomas. "Mad Love, Mobile Homes, and Dysfunctional Dicks." The Road Movie Book ed. Steven Cohan and Ina Rae Hark (1997): 70-89.
^ "Director’s Commentary (DVD Extra)".
^ "Director’s Commentary (DVD Extra)".
^ "Natural Born Killers". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved on 2007-01-12.
^ Corliss, Richard (1994-08-24). "Stone Crazy", Time Magazine. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ "Natural Born Killers". IMDb. Retrieved on 2008-26-11.
^ Ebert, Roger (August 26, 1994). "Natural Born Killers", Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved on 12 January 2007.
^ Hinson, Hal (August 26, 1994). "Natural Born Killers", The Washington Post. Retrieved on 12 January 2007.
^ Maslin, Janet (August 26, 1994). "NATURAL BORN KILLERS; Young Lovers With a Flaw That Proves Fatal", The New York Times. Retrieved on 12 January 2007.
^ "25 Most Controversial Movies Ever", Entertainment Weekly (August 27, 2008). Retrieved on 27 August 2008.
^ Freedom Forum (http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=3962)
^ "Couple, on a Paris Rampage, Kill 3 Policemen and a Taxi Driver", The New York Times (1994-10-6). Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ "Police Seize Suspect Obsessed by Movie", The New York Times (1994-11-8). Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ Freedom Forum (http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=3962)
^ Kunich, John Charles. "Natural Born Copycat Killers and the Law of Shock Torts", p.1160n14.
^ Sennott, Charles. "Another Natural Born Killer Shoots Parents"", The Boston Globe. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ Freedom Forum (http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=3962)
^ "Natural Born Killers Lawsuit Dropped"", BBC News. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ Young, Josh. "Devil's Advocate?"", Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ Barry, Ann Marie. Visual Intelligence, p.316
^ O'Kane, James M. Wicked Deeds: Murder in America, p.47
^ Chen, David (1998-10-7). "Man Is Guilty in the Killing, For Sport, of a Firefighter", The New York Times. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ Cabell, Brian. "Who is Michael Carneal?", CNN. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ "Columbine High School Massacre: Aftershock and the Search for Reasons". Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ Bowen, Shannon. "Who Jacksonville pair found guilty in roommate's death", Jacksonville.com. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ "Couple Get Life In Prison For Roommate's Murder", News4Jax.com. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ "Medicine Hat girl guilty of first-degree murder", CBC News. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ "Teen gets maximum sentence for Medicine Hat killings", CBC News. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.

Natural Born Killers

Contents

Plot